Cyperus prolifer is native to eastern Africa, where it grows along the margins of slow rivers and wetlands in dense, spreading colonies. The name prolifer, meaning "increasing by side-shoots," is apt: give it wet soil and a warm position and it will steadily expand, each rhizome tip producing a new culm topped with a delicate burst of grass-like flower spikelets. In a container water garden, this expansive habit is easily managed by dividing clumps each spring. Zones 9 through 11 can grow it as a perennial outdoors; elsewhere it makes an excellent patio plant overwintered inside.

Beyond its ornamental appeal, the root system does genuine work: like other Cyperus species, dwarf papyrus filters water as it grows, which makes it a practical choice for small backyard ponds. It prefers full sun to light shade and must never dry out at the roots. Watch for mealybugs and whiteflies in dry indoor conditions, and be alert to root rot if water circulation is poor. Cultivated varieties rarely produce fruit, so spread is slow and manageable.