Osmunda ferns grow across temperate climates worldwide, with two species native to southeastern North America — O. claytoniana and O. spectabilis — and the stately O. regalis distributed across Europe and Asia. Their fronds rise from horizontal stems at or just below the soil surface, and depending on the species, the plant either bears sporangia on portions of its green fronds or maintains two entirely separate frond types: one for photosynthesis, one for spore production. The sporangia are not grouped into sori as in most ferns, a structural distinction that sets this family apart.

Partial to deep shade and consistently moist, humus-rich soil suit Osmunda ferns best, though they adapt well to a range of conditions as long as moisture is provided. An acidic pH is preferred but not required. These are ferns for woodland gardens, shaded borders, streambanks, and native plantings where a large, architectural presence is wanted without the maintenance burden. They are seldom bothered by deer.