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Blackberry

Rubus bifrons

Flower
Foliage
Blackberry

The Himalayan blackberry is a European species that has colonized much of North America with impressive persistence, its biennial canes rooting wherever they touch ground and its apomictic seeds ensuring every seedling is a faithful genetic copy of the parent.

Rubus bifrons arrived in North America from Europe and proceeded to make itself thoroughly at home, particularly in the Pacific Northwest where it is considered invasive. In North Carolina it appears in the mountains and occasionally on the Piedmont and coastal areas. The canes are biennial in the standard Rubus fashion: new stems grow leaves in their first year, fruit in their second, and then die back to the perennial rootstock. What makes this species unusual is its apomictic reproduction, producing viable seed without fertilization, meaning seedlings are genetic copies of the parent plant rather than recombinations. This gives it a reproductive consistency that helps explain its success as a colonizer.

The fruit is edible but considered less flavorful than many other blackberry species. It grows readily in full sun or light shade across sandy, loamy, or clay soils, with a preference for well-drained loam. Propagation from rooting canes is easier than from seed. Where it is not invasive it provides real wildlife value and tolerates a range of site conditions that would challenge more refined plants, but gardeners in western states particularly should be cautious about introducing or tolerating it, as elimination typically requires persistent effort and often herbicide treatment.

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TypePerennial
GrowthFast
Height2 - 8 ft
BloomSpring
MaintenanceHigh
SunFull sun
SoilClay
DrainageGood drainage
FormArching
TextureCoarse
PropagationDivision
FamilyRosaceae
AttractsPollinators
Palettes